Data beregnet til brug på Køge Gymnasium ved besvarelse af Moodle-opgaver. Disse data kan afvige lidt fra tilsvarende data i det anvendte undervisningsmateriale og i Databogen.
Konstant | Symbol | Værdi | |
---|---|---|---|
lysets hastighed | \( c \) | \( 3{,}00 \cdot 10^8 \, \mathrm{m/s}\) | |
elementarladningen | \( e \) | \( 1{,}602 \cdot 10^{-19} \, \mathrm{C} \) | |
Plancks konstant | \( h \) | \( 6{,}63 \cdot 10^{-34} \, \mathrm{J\,s} \) | |
Rydbergkonstanten | \( R \) | \( 1{,}097 \cdot 10^{7} \, \mathrm{m}^{-1} \) | |
tyngdeaccelerationen | \( g \) | \( 9{,}82 \, \mathrm{m/s^2} \) | |
atommasseenheden | \( u \) | \( 1{,}66 \cdot 10^{-27} \, \mathrm{kg} \) | |
gravitationskonstanten | \( G \) | \( 6{,}67 \cdot 10^{-11} \, \mathrm{N \, m^2 / kg^2} \) | |
Coulombkonstanten | \( k_C \) | \( 9{,}0 \cdot 10^{9} \, \mathrm{N \, m^2 / C^2} \) | |
gaskonstanten | \( R \) | \( 8{,}31 \, \mathrm{J/(mol \, K)} \) | |
Avogadros tal | \( N_{\mathrm{A}} \) | \( 6{,}02 \cdot 10^{23} \) | |
Hubbles konstant | \( H_0 \) | \( 22{,}4 \, \mathrm{\frac{km/s}{Mly}} \) |
Enhed | Symbol | Værdi |
---|---|---|
astronomisk enhed | \( \mathrm{AU} \) | \( 1{,}496 \cdot 10^{8} \, \mathrm{ m } \) |
lysår | \( \mathrm{ly} \) | \(9{,}46 \cdot 10^{15} \, \mathrm{ m } \) |
liter | \( \mathrm{L} \) | \( 10^{-3} \, \mathrm{ m^3 } \) |
kilowatttime | \( \mathrm{kWh} \) | \( 3{,}6 \cdot 10^{6} \, \mathrm{ J } \) |
atmosfære | \( \mathrm{atm} \) | \( 101{,}325 \, \mathrm{ kPa } \) |
elektronvolt | \( \mathrm{eV} \) | \( 1{,}602 \cdot 10^{-19} \, \mathrm{ J } \) |
Densitet (ved stuetemperatur) for udvalgte stoffer (afrundet til 3 betydende cifre):
Stof | \(\rho \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{g}{cm^3}} \right) \) | Stof | \(\rho \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{g}{cm^3}} \right) \) | Stof | \(\rho \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{g}{cm^3}} \right) \) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
vand | \( 0{,}998 \) | jern | \( 7{,}87 \) | luft (tør) | \( \phantom{0} 1{,}2 \cdot 10^{-3} \) | ||
sprit | \( 0{,}789 \) | kobber | \( 8{,}96 \) | helium | \( \phantom{0} 0{,}169 \cdot 10^{-3} \) | ||
akryl (plexiglas) | \( 1{,}18 \) | aluminium | \( 2{,}70 \) | polystyren (flamingo) (*) | \( \phantom{0} 0{,}96 \, \) | ||
olivenolie | \( 0{,}909 \) | zink | \( 7{,}14 \) | bly | \( 11{,}4 \) | ||
benzin | \( 0{,}708 \) | mættet saltopløsning | \( 1{,}19 \) | kviksølv | \( 13{,}5 \) |
Specifik varmekapacitet for udvalgte stoffer:
Stof | \( c \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{J}{kg \, {}^\circ C}} \right)\) | Stof | \( c \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{J}{kg \, {}^\circ C}} \right)\) | Stof | \( c \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{J}{kg \, {}^\circ C}} \right)\) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
vand | \( 4 \, 181 \) | jern | \( \phantom{0} \, 449 \) | tør luft | \( 1 \, 003{,}5 \) | ||
sprit | \( 2 \, 440 \) | aluminium | \( \phantom{0} \, 897 \) | \(\mathrm{CO}_2\) | \( \phantom{0} \, 839 \) | ||
glycerol | \( 2 \, 409 \) | træ | \( 1 \, 700 \) | glas | \( \phantom{0} \, 840 \) | ||
benzin | \( 2 \, 220 \) | granit | \( \phantom{0} \, 790 \) | salt (NaCl) | \( \phantom{0} \, 630 \) | ||
kropsvæv | \( 3 500 \) | teglsten | \( \phantom{0} \, 840 \) | is | \( 2 \, 050 \) |
Stof | \( L_{\mathrm{s}} \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{kJ}{kg}} \right)\) | Stof | \( L_{\mathrm{s}} \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{kJ}{kg}} \right)\) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
vand | \( 334 \) | nitrogen | \( \phantom{0} 25{,}7 \) | |
ammoniak | \( 332 \) | salt (NaCl) (*) | \( 516{,}7 \) | |
bly | \( \phantom{0} 23{,}0 \) | aluminium (*) | \( 395{,}4 \) |
Stof | \( L_{\mathrm{f}} \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{kJ}{kg}} \right)\) | Stof | \( L_{\mathrm{f}} \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{kJ}{kg}} \right)\) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
vand | \( 2 \, 265 \) | bly | \( \phantom{0} \, 871 \) | |
ammoniak | \( 1 \, 369 \) | nitrogen | \( \phantom{0} \, 200 \) |
Stof | \( B \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{MJ}{kg}} \right)\) | Stof | \( B \,\, \left( \mathrm{\frac{MJ}{kg}} \right)\) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
hydrogen | \( 141{,}9 \) | kul (stenkul) (*) | \( 31{,}4 \) | |
metan | \( \phantom{0} 55{,}50 \) | træ | \( 21{,}2 \) | |
propan | \( \phantom{0} 50{,}35 \) | sprit | \( 29{,}7 \) | |
diesel | \( \phantom{0} 44{,}80 \) | benzin | \( 47{,}0 \) |
Solens masse: \( 1{,}99 \cdot 10^{30} \, \mathrm{kg} \)
Jordens radius: \( 6{,}471 \cdot 10^6 \, \mathrm{m} \)
Månens masse: \( 7{,}34 \cdot 10^{22} \, \mathrm{kg} \)
Månens afstand til jorden: \( 3{,}83 \cdot 10^8 \, \mathrm{m} \)
Planet | masse (kg) | afstand til solen (m) | omløbstid (år) | baneexcentricitet |
---|---|---|---|---|
merkur | \( 3{,}30 \cdot 10^{23} \) | \( 5{,}79 \cdot 10^{10} \) | \( \phantom{0} \phantom{0} 0{,}241 \) | \( 0{,}203 \) |
venus | \( 4{,}87 \cdot 10^{24} \) | \( 1{,}08 \cdot 10^{11} \) | \( \phantom{0} \phantom{0} 0{,}615 \) | \( 0{,}00677 \) |
jorden | \( 5{,}97 \cdot 10^{24} \) | \( 1{,}50 \cdot 10^{11} \) | \( \phantom{0} \phantom{0} 1{,}00 \) | \( 0{,}0167 \) |
mars | \( 6{,}42 \cdot 10^{23} \) | \( 2{,}28 \cdot 10^{11} \) | \( \phantom{0} \phantom{0} 1{,}88 \) | \( 0{,}0934 \) |
jupiter | \( 1{,}90 \cdot 10^{27} \) | \( 7{,}79 \cdot 10^{11} \) | \( \phantom{0} 11{,}9 \) | \( 0{,}0489 \) |
saturn | \( 5{,}68 \cdot 10^{26} \) | \( 1{,43} \cdot 10^{12} \) | \( \phantom{0} 29{,}5 \) | \( 0{,}0565 \) |
uranus | \( 8{,}68 \cdot 10^{25} \) | \( 2{,87} \cdot 10^{12} \) | \( \phantom{0} 84{,}0 \) | \( 0{,}0464 \) |
neptun | \( 1{,}02 \cdot 10^{26} \) | \( 4{,}50 \cdot 10^{12} \) | \( 165 \) | \( 0{,}00868 \) |
Grundstof | Z | \(m \,\, (\mathrm{u}) \) | Grundstof | Z | \(m \,\, (\mathrm{u}) \) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
actinium | 89 | Ac | \( 227 \, ({}^\ast) \) | molybdæn | 42 | Mo | \( \phantom{0} 95{,}95 \) | |
aluminium | 13 | Al | \( \phantom{0} 26{,}982 \) | natrium | 11 | Na | \( \phantom{0} 22{,}990 \) | |
antimon | 51 | Sb | \( 121{,}76 \) | neodym | 60 | Nd | \( 144{,}24 \) | |
argon | 18 | Ar | \( \phantom{0} 39{,}95 \) | neon | 18 | Ne | \( \phantom{0} 20{,}180 \) | |
arsen | 33 | As | \( \phantom{0} 74{,}922 \) | nikkel | 28 | Ni | \( \phantom{0} 58{,}693 \) | |
astat | 85 | At | \( 210 \, ({}^\ast) \) | niobium | 41 | Nb | \( \phantom{0} 92{,}906 \) | |
barium | 56 | Ba | \( 137{,}33 \) | nitrogen | 7 | N | \( \phantom{0} 14{,}007 \) | |
beryllium | 4 | Be | \( \phantom{00} 9{,}0122 \) | osmium | 76 | Os | \( 190{,}23 \) | |
bismuth | 83 | Bi | \( 208{,}98 \) | oxygen | 8 | O | \( \phantom{0} 15{,}999 \) | |
bly | 82 | Pb | \( 207{,}2 \) | palladium | 46 | Pd | \( 106{,}42 \) | |
bor | 5 | B | \( \phantom{0} 10{,}81 \) | phosphor | 15 | P | \( \phantom{0} 30{,}974 \) | |
brom | 35 | Br | \( \phantom{0} 79{,}904 \) | platin | 78 | Pt | \( 195{,}08 \) | |
cadmium | 48 | Cd | \( 112{,}41 \) | polonium | 84 | Po | \( 209 \, ({}^\ast) \) | |
calcium | 20 | Ca | \( \phantom{0} 40{,}078 \) | praseodymium | 59 | Pr | \( 140{,}91 \) | |
carbon | 6 | C | \( \phantom{0} 12{,}011 \) | promethium | 61 | Pm | \( 145 \, ({}^\ast) \) | |
cerium | 58 | Ce | \( 140{,}12 \) | protactinium | 91 | Pa | \( 231{,}04 \) | |
chlor | 17 | Cl | \( \phantom{0} 35{,}45 \) | radium | 88 | Ra | \( 226 \, ({}^\ast) \) | |
chrom | 24 | Cr | \( \phantom{0} 51{,}996 \) | radon | 86 | Rn | \( 222 \, ({}^\ast) \) | |
cobalt | 27 | Co | \( \phantom{0} 58{,}933 \) | rhenium | 75 | Re | \( 186{,}21 \) | |
cæsium | 55 | Cs | \( 132{,}91 \) | rhodium | 45 | Rh | \( 102{,}91 \) | |
dysprosium | 66 | Dy | \( 162{,}50 \) | rubidium | 37 | Rb | \( \phantom{0} 85{,}468 \) | |
erbium | 68 | Er | \( 167{,}26 \) | ruthenium | 44 | Ru | \( 101{,}07 \) | |
europium | 63 | Eu | \( 151{,}96 \) | samarium | 62 | Sm | \( 150{,}36 \) | |
fluor | 9 | F | \( \phantom{0} 18{,}998 \) | scandium | 21 | Sc | \( \phantom{0} 44{,}956 \) | |
francium | 87 | Fr | \( 223 \, ({}^\ast) \) | selen | 34 | Se | \( \phantom{0} 78{,}971 \) | |
gadolinium | 64 | Gd | \( 157{,}25 \) | silicium | 14 | Si | \( \phantom{0} 28{,}085 \) | |
gallium | 31 | Ga | \( \phantom{0} 69{,}723 \) | strontium | 38 | Sr | \( \phantom{0} 87{,}62 \) | |
germanium | 32 | Ge | \( \phantom{0} 72{,}630 \) | svovl | 16 | S | \( \phantom{0} 32{,}06 \) | |
guld | 79 | Au | \( 196{,}97 \) | sølv | 47 | Ag | \( 107{,}87 \) | |
hafnium | 72 | Hf | \( 178{,}49 \) | tantal | 73 | Ta | \( 180{,}95 \) | |
helium | 2 | He | \( \phantom{00} 4{,}0026 \) | technetium | 43 | Tc | \( 97 \, ({}^\ast) \) | |
holmium | 67 | Ho | \( 164{,}93 \) | tellur | 52 | Te | \( 127{,}60 \) | |
hydrogen | 1 | H | \( \phantom{00} 1{,}008 \) | terbium | 65 | Tb | \( 158{,}93 \) | |
indium | 49 | In | \( 114{,}82 \) | thallium | 81 | Tl | \( 204{,}38 \) | |
iod | 53 | I | \( 126{,}90 \) | thorium | 90 | Th | \( 232{,}04 \) | |
iridium | 77 | Ir | \( 192{,}22 \) | thulium | 69 | Tm | \( 168{,}93 \) | |
jern | 26 | Fe | \( \phantom{0} 55{,}845 \) | tin | 50 | Sn | \( 118{,}71 \) | |
kalium | 19 | K | \( \phantom{0} 39{,}098 \) | titan | 22 | Ti | \( \phantom{0} 47{,}867 \) | |
kobber | 29 | Cu | \( \phantom{0} 63{,}546 \) | uran | 92 | U | \( 238{,}03 \) | |
krypton | 36 | Kr | \( \phantom{0} 83{,}798 \) | vanadium | 23 | V | \( \phantom{0} 50{,}942 \) | |
kviksølv | 80 | Hg | \( 200{,}59 \) | wolfram | 74 | W | \( 183{,}84 \) | |
lanthan | 57 | La | \( 138{,}91 \) | xenon | 54 | Xe | \( 131{,}29 \) | |
lithium | 3 | Li | \( \phantom{00} 6{,}94 \) | ytterbium | 70 | Yb | \( 173{,}05 \) | |
lutetium | 71 | Lu | \( 174{,}97 \) | yttrium | 39 | Y | \( \phantom{0} 88{,}906 \) | |
magnesium | 12 | Mg | \( \phantom{0} 24{,}305 \) | zink | 30 | Zn | \( \phantom{0} 65{,}38 \) | |
mangan | 25 | Mn | \( \phantom{0} 54{,}928 \) | zirconium | 40 | Zr | \( \phantom{0} 91{,}224 \) |
Partikelmasser:
Partikel | proton (\(p\)) | neutron (\(n\)) | elektron (\(e\)) |
---|---|---|---|
\( m \,\, (\mathrm{u}) \) | \( 1{,}007 \,\, 276 \,\, 46 \) | \( 1{,}008 \,\, 664 \,\, 90 \) | \( 5{,}485 \,\, 799 \cdot 10^{-4} \) |
I beregninger af Q-værdi kan man benytte, at \(u c^2 = 931{,}5 \, \mathrm{MeV}\).
Atommasser for udvalgte isotoper (fra engelske Wikipedia)
N | Z | A | \(m \,\, (\mathrm{u}) \) | N | Z | A | \(m \,\, (\mathrm{u}) \) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 1 | H | \( \phantom{0} 1{,}007 \,\, 825 \,\, 03 \) | 21 | 19 | 40 | K | \( \phantom{0} 39{,}963 \,\, 998 \,\, 5 \) | |
1 | 1 | 2 | H | \( \phantom{0} 2{,}014 \,\, 101 \,\, 78 \) | 20 | 20 | 40 | Ca | \( \phantom{0} 39{,}962 \,\, 591 \,\, 0 \) | |
2 | 1 | 3 | H | \( \phantom{0} 3{,}016 \,\, 049 \,\, 28 \) | 33 | 27 | 60 | Co | \( \phantom{0} 59{,}933 \,\, 822 \,\, 2 \) | |
1 | 2 | 3 | He | \( \phantom{0} 3{,}016 \,\, 029 \,\, 32 \) | 32 | 28 | 60 | Ni | \( \phantom{0} 59{,}930 \,\, 786 \,\, 4 \) | |
2 | 2 | 4 | He | \( \phantom{0} 4{,}002 \,\, 603 \,\, 25 \) | 42 | 35 | 77 | Br | \( \phantom{0} 76{,}921 \,\, 379 \) | |
3 | 2 | 5 | He | \( \phantom{0} 5{,}012 \,\, 22 \) | 41 | 36 | 77 | Kr | \( \phantom{0} 76{,}924 \,\, 670 \) | |
2 | 3 | 5 | Li | \( \phantom{0} 5{,}012 \,\, 54 \) | 49 | 36 | 85 | Kr | \( \phantom{0} 84{,}912 \,\, 527 \) | |
3 | 3 | 6 | Li | \( \phantom{0} 6{,}015 \,\, 122 \,\, 80 \) | 48 | 37 | 85 | Rb | \( \phantom{0} 84{,}911 \,\, 790 \) | |
4 | 3 | 7 | Li | \( \phantom{0} 7{,}016 \,\, 004 \,\, 55 \) | 53 | 37 | 90 | Rb | \( \phantom{0} 89{,}914 \,\, 802 \) | |
3 | 4 | 7 | Be | \( \phantom{0} 7{,}016 \,\, 929 \,\, 83 \) | 52 | 38 | 90 | Sr | \( \phantom{0} 89{,}907 \,\, 738 \) | |
4 | 4 | 8 | Be | \( \phantom{0} 8{,}005 \,\, 305 \,\, 10 \) | 51 | 39 | 90 | Y | \( \phantom{0} 89{,}907 \,\, 152 \) | |
4 | 5 | 9 | B | \( \phantom{0} 9{,}013 \,\, 328 \,\, 8 \) | 82 | 55 | 137 | Cs | \( 136{,}907 \,\, 090 \) | |
5 | 5 | 10 | B | \( 10{,}012 \,\, 937 \,\, 0 \) | 81 | 56 | 137 | Ba | \( 136{,}905 \,\, 827 \) | |
6 | 5 | 11 | B | \( 11{,}009 \,\, 305 \,\, 4 \) | 132 | 82 | 214 | Pb | \( 213{,}999 \,\, 805 \) | |
5 | 6 | 11 | C | \( 11{,}011 \,\, 433 \,\, 6 \) | 134 | 84 | 218 | Po | \( 218{,}008 \,\, 973 \) | |
6 | 6 | 12 | C | \( 12{,}000 \,\, 000 \,\, 00 \) | 136 | 86 | 222 | Rn | \( 222{,}017 \,\, 578 \) | |
7 | 6 | 13 | C | \( 13{,}003 \,\, 354 \,\, 84 \) | 137 | 88 | 225 | Ra | \( 225{,}023 \,\, 612 \) | |
8 | 6 | 14 | C | \( 14{,}003 \,\, 241 \,\, 99 \) | 138 | 88 | 226 | Ra | \( 226{,}025 \,\, 410 \) | |
5 | 7 | 12 | N | \( 12{,}018 \,\, 613 \,\, 2 \) | 139 | 88 | 227 | Ra | \( 227{,}029 \,\, 178 \) | |
6 | 7 | 13 | N | \( 13{,}005 \,\, 738 \,\, 61 \) | 137 | 89 | 225 | Ac | \( 225{,}013 \,\, 230 \) | |
7 | 7 | 14 | N | \( 14{,}003 \,\, 074 \,\, 00 \) | 139 | 89 | 227 | Ac | \( 227{,}027 \,\, 752 \) | |
8 | 7 | 15 | N | \( 15{,}000 \,\, 108 \,\, 90 \) | 144 | 93 | 237 | Np | \( 237{,}048 \,\, 173 \) | |
7 | 8 | 15 | O | \( 15{,}003 \,\, 065 \,\, 6 \) | 146 | 95 | 241 | Am | \( 241{,}056 \,\, 829 \) | |
8 | 8 | 16 | O | \( 15{,}994 \,\, 914 \,\, 62 \) |
Lydens hastighed i luft v. \(20\,{}^\circ\)C | \( 343 \, \mathrm{m/s} \) |
Lydens hastighed i havvand (*) | \( 1500 \, \mathrm{m/s} \) |
Lystes hastighed i vacuum | \( 3{,}00 \cdot 10^8 \, \mathrm{m/s} \) |
Medium | \( n \) | Medium | \( n \) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
vacuum | \( 1 \) | is | \( 1{,}31 \) | |
luft (\(1 \mathrm{atm}, {0\,}^\circ \mathrm{C} \)) | \( 1{,}000 \,\, 293 \) | vinduesglas | \( 1{,}52 \) | |
vand | \( 1{,}333 \) | safir | \( 1{,}77 \) | |
olivenolie | \( 1{,}47 \) | diamant | \( 2{,}42 \) |
(Kilde: engelske Wikipedia)
Metal | \(\rho \, (10^{-9} \, \mathrm{\Omega\cdot m}) \) | Metal | \(\rho \, (10^{-9} \, \mathrm{\Omega\cdot m}) \) | Metal | \(\rho \, (10^{-9} \, \mathrm{\Omega\cdot m}) \) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
aluminium | \( 26{,}50 \) | sølv | \( \phantom{0} 18{,}87 \) | konstantan | \( \phantom{0} 490 \) |
jern | \( 96{,}1 \) | platin | \( 105 \) | nichrom 80/20 | \( 1090 \) |
kobber | \( 16{,}78 \) | guld | \( \phantom{0} 22{,}14 \) | \( \) |
(Kilde: engelske Wikipedia)
Titalspotens | Præfiks | Forkortelse | Tal | Talnavn | \(10^{24}\) | zetta- | Z | 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 | kvadrillion |
---|---|---|---|---|
\(10^{21}\) | yotta- | Y | 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 | trilliard |
\(10^{18}\) | exa- | E | 1 000 000 000 000 000 000 | trillion |
\(10^{15}\) | peta- | P | 1 000 000 000 000 000 | billiard |
\(10^{12}\) | tera- | T | 1 000 000 000 000 | billion |
\(10^{9}\) | giga- | G | 1 000 000 000 | milliard |
\(10^{6}\) | mega- | M | 1 000 000 | million |
\(10^{3}\) | kilo- | k | 1 000 | tusind |
\(10^{2}\) | hekto- | h | 100 | hundred |
\(10^{1}\) | deka- | da | 10 | ti |
\(10^{0}\) | 1 | |||
\(10^{-1}\) | deci- | d | 0,1 | tiendedele |
\(10^{-2}\) | centi- | c | 0,01 | hundrededele |
\(10^{-3}\) | milli- | m | 0,001 | tusindedele |
\(10^{-6}\) | mikro- | \(\mu\) | 0,000 001 | milliontedele |
\(10^{-9}\) | nano- | n | 0,000 000 001 | milliardtedele |
\(10^{-12}\) | pico- | p | 0,000 000 000 001 | billiontedele |